Anne-Marie Houy Shaver
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“If you’re open, lessons are everywhere.”

10/5/2016

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Robert has been testing and approving glissando headjoints, and so we got to play on one. The headjoint does not make the flute a transposing instrument, but it does allow for many different styles of playing. Plus it's just generally awesome. We also played on some old flutes that have been lovingly restored.
 
Of course singing and playing is a topic we continue to visit in class. We worked through a standard Taffanel and Gaubert exercise, playing an ascending pattern and singing the descending pattern. This practice requires anticipating the pitches that are to come, but also knowing which octave to sing in for your vocal range. While doing this, Robert brought up the idea of mentally placing yourself in a concert hall with an audience of your biggest fans when you’re practicing. This exercise not only encourages a big sound, but it helps overlap some of the mentality between practicing and performing.
 
Continuing with the Karg-Elert Op. 107 studies, we talked through 14 and 16. Number 14 is a great etude to practice French tonguing. The forward tongue combined with high “umlaut” vowels accommodate quick staccato passages quite nicely, which is exactly what 14 is. The French tonguing may also be combined with the more American low “ah/aw” vowels for legato notes. (If the high vowel shapes are maintained outside of staccato settings, the resulting sound may be wiry.) Number 16 is great practice for the different tongue and vowel combinations. And, of course, using the abs as support behind the sound and tonguing is key. When the tonguing is too quick to give a full ab burst for each note, it is steady ab support that works best.
 
Robert showed us his transcriptions of two Paganini caprices. He talked a bit about his process of arranging the pieces for flute and he also played through them for us. He shared that some of the multiphonics require very intentional throat tuning so as to not add “crunch” to the harmonic language.
 
Our main repertoire focus for the day was Flying Lessons 3. The first line of the second page starts with key clicks. For the most projection, initiate the action from the wrist. Related, check out Jim Schmidt's gold flute pads; they’re an investment, but Robert says they last forever (even with the amount of contemporary playing he does). Continuing through Flying Lessons 3, following the key clicks there are two large-interval multiphonics. For the Bb and F set, it works best for me if I focus on playing a loud Bb (the lower pitch) and letting the overtone F appear from that. That isn’t always consistent for me though, and in those moments, Robert suggested rolling my bottom lip out while bringing my top lip down to better focus the air stream. There are more large-interval multiphonics in the second line of the second page; the same technique of striving for a loud dynamic on the bottom note combined with the indicated fingerings will achieve the desired “fast beats” effect. On the other end of the spectrum are the small-interval multiphonics, such as the one at the end of the second line on this page. For this kind of multiphonic, maintain a steady air stream and roll the flute in/out to find both pitches. (Robert has a video explaining different multiphonics types.)
 
The last line of Flying Lessons 3 is harmonics over singing a single pitch. My “sfff” for the last phrase wasn’t exactly wow-worthy, so that became a teaching moment. Robert basically told me not to settle for what I may consider my “acceptable” sound; I should go for the extremes! It struck me as the type of thing that should be applied to life outside of flute playing. So, take that and run (or prancercise), if you’d like.
 
A political discussion also occurred. Thanks for the weirdest election ever, America.
 
Other things:
- Thanks to two care packages, I now have over 50 granola bars in the apartment
- I dropped off my laundry like a real New Yorker
- Ichi (the cat) consistently hangs out with us now!
- I had a very successful printing experience at a UPS store (after the Staples fiasco, this is worth mentioning)
- I walked by a Harry Potter table/display at Barnes and Noble AND DIDN’T BUY ANYTHING
 
Until next time!

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“I can’t remember ever having a senior moment.”

9/14/2016

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The title of this post is a saying by Robert. He’s hilarious.
 
We started the second class by reviewing throat tuning and working on harmonics. There is a section in his book Tone Development Through Extended Techniques that focuses on exercises to build up harmonics. They really are a great tool in helping to focus one’s tone. In working with harmonics (and generally any interval larger than a major second), it’s important that the throat tuning leads the notes. This means that if you were to sing and play, the singing would practically glissando to the next pitch before you change the fingering or embouchure to play it. We continued working on harmonics practically while looking at the first of 30 Studies for Flute Op. 107 by Karg-Elert. To best learn music, play through using harmonics whenever possible, and always use the lowest harmonic. For example, in beat three of m. 1 of the first Karg-Elert, the notes are C, G, A, B, C. But the harmonic fingerings would be low C, C, D, B, C. Talk about a pinky work out.
 
Flying Lessons 1 (volume 1) also makes use of harmonics. In the first phrase, playing the harmonics without the tremolo is great for establishing the embouchure. And pay attention to the dynamics; the G harmonic can be difficult to place when played too loudly, but according to the dynamics Robert notated, by the time you get to that point in the phrase, the sound should be at a softer level. Thankfully, Robert’s extensive knowledge of the flute makes his writing very idiomatic. You can trust it! Another tip (straight from Robert) is to roll out for odd partials in the harmonic series. The last page of the etude is three “swells” of harmonics. Robert suggests changing the vowel shape in your mouth for the arches of the partials.
 
Also in Flying Lessons 1 are multiphonics. For these, using throat tuning for the weaker note is suggested. Robert was very kind when writing these multiphonics because he sets up the pitch of the weaker note via the note that is sounded directly proceeding the multiphonic.  For example, on the second line, there is a tremolo on D, and the following multiphonic has a C as the lower pitch, followed by a multiphonic with B as the lowest pitch. This stepwise motion helps the flutist anticipate the throat tuning needed for the multiphonics.
 
Covered key clicks also appear in this piece. They are similar to tongue rams in that the sound heard in this instance is a major seventh below the fingered note. This is because the headjoint of the flute is not cylindrical. Huzzah for understanding the mechanics of your instrument! If you are interested in resources for Flying Lessons 1, Robert has made a DVD set to help you out. Buy one. And tell all your friends. Why would you not invest in this???
 
We also visited Density 21.5 again. Robert has a folder of sketches and publications of and about the piece through the years. It was fascinating to walk through the development of the piece in such a way. There is a great article written by Carol Baron about the connection between this piece and Debussy’s Syrinx and the use of material. The most well known is the pitch relationship of the first three notes of each piece; they are exactly the same, just in different keys.
 
We also briefly discussed my (current) favorite extended technique: difference tones. Difference tones occur because of how the difference of the sound waves reacts. A helpful visual is ripples in a pond; if you were to throw one pebble to the left and one to the right, they would both create their own set of ripples. Where those ripples meet in the middle and produce yet another set of ripples is the “difference.” To try this for yourself on flute, choose a note in the upper range (let’s say third octave D) and sing a D as well. While continuing to play, glissando your voice down; the resulting sound will be a frequency that glissandos UP. Seriously, how cool is that?? And it turns out difference tones plus multiphonics are even more rad. Go ahead and try some out. You won’t regret it.
 
Other ideas:
- Play to something living. Direct your sound and love and energy to a plant or a pet. Or even a figurine of an animal if no living thing is available.
- When preparing to play your first note, think and move in an upward motion.
- The sensation for vibrato is the same as when you engage the throat to sing.
- When deciding on fingerings for fourth octave notes, you can save your ears and rely on whisper tones to check the fingerings. Related to that…
- Please protect your hearing. Aka, visit an audiology clinic and invest in musician earplugs. You can then buy different strength inserts. Once you lose your hearing, you can’t get it back, so take care of it now.
 
Until next time!

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“A cricket died in Mongolia…”

9/9/2016

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Day 1 with Robert! We covered SO MUCH and it was all wonderful.
 
We spent the first half talking mostly about acoustics and singing. I think the book Robert suggested as a good source on acoustics if you don’t want to wade through calculus is Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics by Arthur Benade. While the air we blow through the flute is on a one-way mission out, sound is actually on a two-way street; there is primary resonance in our chest, throat, face, and flute. Notice that three of the four involve the body! (PSA: Eat well and exercise. Please.) This is part of what contributes to each person’s unique flute sound. One way we can help tap into those body-acoustics is through singing. A whole section of Robert’s book Tone Development Through Extended Techniques is about “throat tuning.” This is the term he dedicated to the practice of engaging your throat as if you were singing the notes that you play on the flute. There are different warm ups and methods to practice this, such as playing and singing simultaneously or creating a dialogue with yourself, alternating between singing and playing phrases. Building your singing chops alone is a great idea, too. My biggest take away from that? Go ahead and belt “Defying Gravity” while on the subway. Of course, straining the voice is not advised. So once your voice is tired, TAKE A BREAK. This is where he made the comment about some singers taking this to the extreme and saying, “Oh, a cricket died in Mongolia so I can’t sing today.” (Sorry vocalist friends…but it was hilarious.) If you’re interested in this idea of throat tuning, check out his book.
 
I had taken Density 21.5 by Edgard Varèse* to play in class. This is credited as one of the first pieces for flute to use an extended technique: the key click. [Basically, you finger a note and then use a different finger (typically the ring finger on your left hand) to click a key, resulting in a pitched “popping” sound.] The first comment Robert made was that musicians should listen to a lot of music, especially to better understand a composer’s style. So for Varèse, may I recommend Hyperprism and Poème électronique. (If you have a favorite piece by good ol’ Eddy, leave a link in the comments!) Robert then talked about the many revisions Density 21.5 went through before becoming the final version we know and love today. There’s apparently a theory that the famous key clicks were not in the earlier sketches, but that the flutist it was written for, Georges Barrère, was trying to get the sound out of his monster of a platinum flute (the density of platinum is 21.5, hence the title), and in attempting to help the low notes speak, he popped the keys…Varèse liked the sound and the rest is history. Robert also pointed out a nifty trick: engage your wrist for a more satisfying and projecting key click. Also, THERE ARE SO MANY OPTIONS FOR ALTERNATE FINGERINGS IN THIS PIECE. Because Density 21.5 is all about extremes, there are ways we can manipulate our air and the flute to help add to those edges. For example, there is a held third-octave E-natural in mm. 13 and 14 that is notated with a crescendo. Now, all flutists just cringed because they know that E is not exactly known for being, erm, the most beautiful or in-tune of notes. But! Let’s look at the context in which it appears. It’s the first note in that register we’ve encountered in the piece thus far. It’s also one of the loudest so far (marked with a crescendo from fortissimo). So I think it’s safe to say Varèse was hoping for some brightness in this moment. So let’s help that little note out! Instead of lifting the right pinky to lower the pitch (as I was doing before), why don’t we press down both the E-flat paddle AND the D-flat paddle with our right pinky? Try it, I dare you. Guess what happens? The overtone of the next octave E is waaaaaay clearer. So that’s going to contribute to a brighter sound. Mission accomplished. You can play around with the right hand pinky for a ton of notes, especially in the upper octave (since those are cross fingerings anyway). That’s my assignment this weekend.
*Related, contemporary flutist Claire Chase has a whole project based on Density 21.5. Check it out.
 
The thing that most blew my mind was when we briefly talked about flute multiphonics. As Robert put it, you will have these “eureka!” moments in life, which will then be followed by a great wash of humility when you realize whatever you just discovered was staring you in the face the whole time. So my moment like that was when we talked about how multiphonics are just fingering patterns on the flute. For example, look at the keys while fingering a third-octave D-natural (a fairly simple multiphonic of D6 and C5) and notice where the first open key is from the headjoint. (Note: An open key doesn’t necessarily mean you’re not pressing down a key. For example, the A-flat key becomes open when depressed.) Once you find the open key, count how many closed keys follow it. Once you know this pattern, you can take the pattern anywhere on the flute; it’s the equivalent to shifting on stringed instruments. The point of all this jargon is that you have the ability to figure out your own fingerings for multiphonics; you don’t need a diagram or fingering chart. How freeing is that???
 
Some of the other highlights from class:
- Play thumb B-flat all the time if you want. Your hand naturally sits there and it’s not “cheating” if it works and sounds exactly the same as one-and-one B-flat.
- Uvular flutter tonguing (versus forward, tip-of-the-tongue fluttering) is great because it can be combined with French tonguing (between the teeth) to still articulate the beginning of notes while fluttering. You can practice this by gargling and singing for about 30 seconds daily, slowly lessening the water needed, then taking out the singing, and then adding the flute to the mix. Eventually, you can even vary the speed of the flutter.
- We can change how we think about and approach certain notes. For example, D-flat is not the worst note ever on the flute; it is simply the most flexible note and allows for a wide array of color changes.
- Listen to a ton of music by a ton of composers. Just listen to more music in general. (And that doesn’t necessarily mean listen to more flutists.) And this pairs well with…
- Consider “practicing” to be anything you do that aids your music making. So listening counts. As does exercising. And talking with people, sharing ideas. And reading. I bet you’ve already practiced a bunch today based on this criteria!
- It is pretty widely accepted that our music is often based around the human heartbeat. Robert made the comment that if we had a different body, we would have different music. It made me think about this recording of crickets.
 
Until next time!

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